Unexplored literature

 Intizaar Hussain, Basti: 

The plot is circutus temporal narrative not linear like western realistic novels. The idioms are used which indicate a very indigenous taste to words. He is constantly struggling with himself don't want to be like his father. It is also a story about father son relationships. There is furiousness in nature of Okonkwo. He talked about how the town settled which is more like a folklore. The novel began with building the character of Okonkwo. Okonkwo tries very hard to not be like his father, Unoka . ✓ It is not only about clash of two generations perspectives but also two models of masculinity.  Achebe "the form of the novel is ought to have shown some western cultures" ( novels is not central to non western cultures so fellow writers of Achebe felt that he was jus trying his hard to fit his opinions in a western model)  1Part (1-13 Chapter ) Description of Okonkwo, his family and surroundings 2 Part-  His years exile 3 Part - Return to village 

Fikr Taunsvi - Ram Lal Bhatiya The Sixth River Fikr - thinking ( engaged in action of thinking)  Taunsvi - Taunsvi sarif Town in Pakistan Diary form Actual subjective account of a individual as he saw. The whole idea of making and unmaking of a city is offered in the text. Satirical and ironical tone. Attack on politics of the time.  Title of the diary invokes Punjab as the land of 5 rivers.  The very idea of existence is changed with partition, turning the river into metaphor for blood and violence.  Land of abundance - resources like water, soil fertility etc but what prevails here is destruction and violence now.  The Felt Community- Book by Rajat Kanta Ray : book provides a historical context to the international debate on the nature of nationalism by examining the ideas, feelings and identities that existed in the Indian subcontinent before the emergence of modern nationalism Colonialism - Manner of idea of conquer and conquest based on the idea of superio...

 The trial of Dedan Kimathi - Ngugi wa thing'o (1976)-  Written By Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Micere Githae Mugo hey excavate a misrepresented things of kenyan history. Reconstructing it imaginatively. They are showing Dedan Kimathi as hero as there were many misinterpreted things about him by Britishers. Kimathi was the leader of armed guerrilla force which was made up of peasants and workers they called themselves the Kenya land and freedom army they were mainly born from Gekuyu tribe. Their aim was to reclaim the stolen land of Kenya. This freedom struggle was named Mau- Mau by Britishers. By naming this they were actually trying to discourage it that it is were much disoriented and deemed.  It was in order to root out mau- mau that they have imposed the state of emergency from 1952-1960. In fact GuNgi has novels which are placed in this period. Wipe not child is a very moving novel of his at this time. This is the period the play is taking up. In their preface to the play ...

 Wandering through different spaces- Memoir 2  She questioned her privileges Cultural and social space  She has different kind of experience urban/rural, hindu/Muslim Discussion about different institutions. Much of what she saying is about her childhood. As childhood she has freedom to move in the otherwise prohibited spaces. She is negotiating spaces based on her own social , economic locations and as a child, when she turned adult she was prohibited to fall for a Muslim man there was never a certainty in her life. His mother was not educated despite of her father being a well known educated man. What she begins is that she has a very protected secluded life which feels like she being in a prison, she has no experience of reality. She herself said that she vaguely remember the things around partition. She is very much aware that there is much more happening around her but she wasn't affected by those coz of her privileges.  It is unbiased kind of narrative portrayi...

 Aristotle  ✓Aristotle was one of the greatest philosophers in the history of mankind ✓Born in the 4th century at Stagira in Macedonia ✓ At the age of eighteen, he enrolled himself in Plato’s Academy in Athens.There, he exhibited outstanding intellect and wit ✓Aristotle’s ideas and concepts had such profundity that even intellectual revolutions like the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment were not able to abate their influence on Western thinking.  ✓His other works like, The History of Animals, On the Parts of Animals, and On the Generation of Animals, have garnered much praise from scientists of all ages.  ✓In his lifetime, Aristotle wrote around four hundred books, the topics of which span over various aspects of human knowledge. ✓Some of his notable works were: Categories, De Interpretation, Prior Analytics, Posterior Analytics, Sophistical Refutations, Physics, Metaphysics, De Anima, History of Animals, Generation of Animals, Meteorology, Progression ...

 As a term settler colonialism: term first used in 1920s to indicate a particular type of British colonialism in an Australian context. But gradually it was also used for Canada and New Zealand. Settlers was a word widely used for colonist who has displaced with a intention to remain in particular colony or locality. Settler colonialism in Kenya was somewhat aberrant.Here we encounter several of the defining characteristics of settler colony but are also a number of significant differences. One of them being a intensely conflictive sense of relationship with settlers . Political Kenya was a paradox; it was once a settler colony as well as a imperial charge. Unlike anglophone settler in Canada, New Zealand who pulled clear of the British Metropoles, gaining increasing autonomy and eventual independence. Settlers Iin Kenya failed in their endeavours to create a new white dominion for Africa. 

The tale of a Tulsi plant  By Syed Waliullah The story starts with the description of the house. The house had a garden and a character named Martin is fond of gardens. He imagined if he would have a land of his own he will build a garden with a chair in it to spend his evening time after office there. Amjad was sitting there and smoking hookah when Martin was imagining this all. Kader was a lover of tales.  They had moved into the house without any fight or power coz it was the deserted house . The owners left the home during partition. They were very happy to get a shelter, they broked the lock and entered in. When the cluster of refugees came to take shelter in this house these new residents deny any help saying they are unlucky coz now this family has occupation the place. When someone inquired about the small room at the end of the house.. the residents said that badruddin of the accounts department has occupied the place and it's just the matter of luck whoever comes fir...

 " What is theoretically innovative and politically motivated is the need to focus on those moments or processes that are produced in the articulation of cultural differences. These 'in between ' spaces provide terrain for elaborating strategies of selfhood. Singular or communal that initiates new signs of identity and innovative sides of collaboration and contestation in the act of defining society itself" - basically he is asking us to identify us those moments where the cultural differences are articulated. How do you define a nation. It is a idea of cultural influences.  This moment is an undefinal space which is articulated in a way in which seperate political Identities who wanted to identify themselves as different represent a identity marker for them as a separate unit, here religion played the role of identity marker. This in different spaces provide terrain  Partition of British India is that moment which provides the differences. We started identifying our...

 The parable of lost Daughter Critics  ✓The third world feminist are very apologetic approach towards white feminist there will be difference, heterogeneity one should not be confined to the idea of white feminist. There can be difference experiences and approaches of different people towards their lives.  ✓Education is seen as the factor which alienates her from her family. It has not urged the girl to question the hierarchy. She has adopted and absorbed the hierarchy.  ✓The concept of Dalit Chetna or dalit consciousness is very important for dalit studies. Dalit as group of people who wants to fight back. The aware people who fights for their rights , not as one who always have lives of piety or pain but of revolution. Work of Valmiki-Dalit Sahitya ka sondriyr shastra: " just describing or explaining the pain , sorrow, anguish , exploitation is not dalit consciousness nor the emotional or eye watering narration of Dalit pain which is devoid of fundamental consciou...

 ✓Mallika is framed within the economy of patriarchal gaze on the other hand she is also burdened by her family responsibilities and liabilities. She has use value. She is also a refugee woman who cannot be counted as citizen with the political stage of acceptance. She cannot access the judicial institutions. It made her susceptible to comodification. She is a victim in a certain sense. Her possibility of emancipation and agency in the modes of production are based on her exchange value. She must commodify her sexuality for emancipation. She seems to be very much aware of it like the omniscient narrator. ✓Malika could sense everything which was happening around her.  ✓The diactomy of men and women crumpled with partition.  ✓Her body is only the possibility through which she can assert herself.  ✓Meke Rakha Tara, Subonto Rekha - Movies about politicisation of women.  ✓Chatterjee's idea of home and the world which gave agency to woman  ✓Mallika is located in ...

 The Girl who Can By- Ama Ata Aidoo  Summary  Haszodi , it is a very big Village in the central region of Ghana. It is district known for its good fertile soil. The girl was born here. Nana says that she don't know what the life is , what are all the problems in the life Maami is my mother and Nana is my mother's mother. I know of a problem but it isn't the kind of problem Nana talks about , she added. She is 7 year old. The only problem she thinks is as Nana and maami says there are certain things she can think in her bed but can't express. Because it is always very difficult to decide whether to speak up whatever comes to her mind or not. It isn't even easy to even get a grown up to listen to you.  Whenever she is successful in getting attention of Nana to listen her , Nana burst out laughing. If anyone comes to Nana she would narrate same thing to the person and then two of them starts laughing.  She then narrates that her Nana and mother discuss about her th...

BERTOLT BRECHT -The Good Woman of Szechuan ✓ Modern play, coming modernism as a movement it have aspects of modernism  ✓He is also a theoritician and practicioner - his theater ' Brecht's Theatre ' also called epic theatre. It is a very socially oriented theatre. It is opposite to realist theater (Cathartic) . He gave alienation effect in the play ( the distancing effect), it has songs and interludes. The story is a parable ( the location is placed far away and a very non western idea of God coming etc ✓ the question of gender is interrogated with the very concept of her disguise.  ✓ after so many years realism has lost it essence..it began as a radical movement but looses it edge with time so a new type of theatre begans which breaks from the traditional.  ✓the gods are less god like The Good Woman of Setzeun  Wong a water seller introduces himself to the audience. He got to know that three gods are visiting the city as they recieved many complaints from people abou...

 Women's history History creation from very starting was a male centred task. Until the most recent past, these historians have been men, and what they have recorded is what men have done and experienced and found significant.  Women experiences has been left unrecorded, neglected and ignored in interpretation. The records of the past are only a partial record, coz it tells the half of story from half of humankind. Women are the majority, yet we are structured into social institutions as though we were a minority. Women have been systematically excluded from the enterprise of creating symbol systems, philosophies, science and law. Men and women are biologically different, but the values and implications based on that difference are the results of culture.  How patriarchy established? The process was manifested in changes in kinship organization and economic relations in the establishment of religious and state bureaucracies and in shift in cosmogonies expressing the ascen...

 Henrik Ibsen- Ghosts SUMMARY  Act 1.  ENGSTRAND, the carpenter, stands by the garden door. ( His left leg is some what bent) had conversation with Regina who forbids him to enter as he wa dripping. She asked him to go away but he requested her to talk to him. He informed her that the work of the orphanage will be complete tomorrow. He added that Pastor Manders would be coming the next day and he asked her to come to his home along with him. Me, that have been brought up by a lady like Mrs Alving! Me, that am treated almost as a daughter here! Is it me you want to go home with you?—to a house like yours? For shame! They had argument over it. Regina's mother died. What do you want with me in town? asked Regina. Can you ask what a father wants with his only child? A'n't I a onely, forlorn widower? He is thinking to leave this carpentry and start a new business of sailor's tavern. A regular high-class affair, of course; not any sort of pig-sty for common sailors. No! damn...